Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) without an identifiable intracranial lesion, yet its underlying pathophysiology remains poorly defined. Emerging evidence suggests that immune-mediated mechanisms may contribute to disease onset and progression. We conducted a prospective case-control study including 100 adult patients with IIH and 100 age- and sex-matched controls at a tertiary care center in India. The study received Institutional Ethics Committee approval (IEC-03/2019-1141) and was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2020/03/023920). Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed for key pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ) using BD™ Cytometric Bead Array technology. Cytokine profiles were evaluated in relation to disease severity, treatment response, and clinical outcomes. Distinct inflammatory alterations were observed in patients with IIH, suggesting a disease-associated immune signature. These findings support a potential role of immune dysregulation in IIH pathogenesis and highlight cytokine profiling as a promising approach for identifying biomarkers of disease activity and prognosis.